Carro fúnebre

Erro ao criar miniatura:

O carro fúnebre usado para transportar o corpo do ex-presidente dos Estados Unidos Ronald Reagan durante seu funeral

Carro fúnebre ou rabecão é o veículo usado para o transporte de mortos. Em alguns países que, por motivos religiosos e culturais, a cerimônia de sepultamento dos mortos é prática considerada importante, o carro fúnebre chega a ser até um veículo de luxo, exuberante e que acaba fazendo parte da cerimônia, principalmente quando o corpo é velado em um lugar e enterrado em lugar diferente.

Uma carreata segue o veículo fúnebre. O carro fúnebre também é peça importante de um cerimonial de enterro no caso da morte de alguma personalidade. A figura do carro fúnebre tornou-se marcante em filmes que retraram a máfia italiana, na qual, o cerimonial de enterro de mortos acabou ganhando destaque. Há também o carro do serviço funerário, popularmente chamado de rabecão em algumas regiões do Brasil. Caminhonetes, refrigeradas ou não, recolhem os corpos em caso de homicídios em vias públicas.

O carro fúnebre representa um negócio importante em alguns países, existindo montadoras especializadas em adaptar veículos para as funções do carro fúnebre ou mesmo locadoras deste tipo de veículo.

Historia

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From Queensland, Australia c. 1900, carruagem, construída por A. E. E Roberts Carriage Works

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O carro fúnebre puxado a cavalo, feito na penitenciária do estado de Maine em 1895 e utilizado até a década de 1930; exibido no Cole Land Transportation Museum em Bangor, Maine

Originalmente considerado como transporte público, um quadro elaborado poderia ser erguido sobre um caixão ou túmulo ao qual versos ou epitáfios foram anexados. Então foi colocado no topo de carruagens puxadas a cavalo, mais parecendo um bagageiro. Hoje, o carro fúnebre original continua a ser reconhecido pelo trabalho de cortinas enroladas ou esticada para fora tipo "S" do lado do coche de funeral, chamado Landau.

Carros fúnebres eram originalmente puxados por cavalos, mas silenciosos carros motorizados elétricos foram introduzidos quando os cavalos começaram a ser eliminadas como transporte. Exemplos que foram usados em Paris foram relatados nas páginas de Scientific American em maio de 1907 carros fúnebres orientados a gasolina começaram a ser produzidos a partir de 1909 nos Estados Unidos. Carros fúnebres motorizados tornaram-se mais amplamente aceites na década de 1920.^{[carece de fontes]}[[Categoria:!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé desde ]] A grande maioria dos carros fúnebres desde então tem sido baseada no maior e mais poderoso chassi de carro, geralmente mantendo parte dianteira e assim que possivelmente incluindo as portas da frente mas com carroçaria personalizada para trás para conter o caixão. Alguns primeiros carros fúnebres também serviam como ambulâncias, devido a grande capacidade de carga na parte traseira do veículo. Algumas cidades experimentaram com Trolleybus e/ou vagões para transportar o caixão e rezadeiras para cemitérios, mas estas não eram populares. A única exceção foi a Chicago, IL, que operou com 3 tipos de funerais diferentes, Trolleybus sobre trilhos elevados no centro de Chicago aos cemitérios distantes nos subúrbios ocidentais. Um departamento especial funerário cuidava dos comboios de funeral 3-4 vezes numa semana 'L'.

América do Norte e Europa

Normalmente as mais luxuosas marcas de carro são usadas como uma base; a grande maioria dos carros funerários nos Estados Unidos e Canadá são Cadillacs e Lincolns. Na Europa, Mercedes-Benz, Daimler, Jaguar, Opel, Ford, Vauxhall Motors e Volvo são ou eram comuns bases contemporâneas e no passado mesmo usado Rolls-Royce foram convertidos, embora o seu custo considerado proibitivo.

Cadillac produziu o que é denominado um "chassi comercial". Esta era uma versão reforçada do quadro de limusine Fleetwood de longa-distância entre eixos para carregar o peso traseiro extra da carroçaria. Projetado para o uso de carro profissional, parte de trás do Cadillac chassi comercial foi consideravelmente menor do que o frame do carro de passageiro, diminuindo assim a altura do deck traseiro também para facilitar a carga e descarga. Eles foram enviados como carros incompletos a coachbuilder s para montagem final. Um chassi comercial Cadillac era pouco mais que um chassis de rolamento completo, metal de folha de front-end com iluminação e guarnição, painel de instrumentos e controles. Traseiro trimestre painéis e, às vezes, as porta da frente de conchas foram enviadas com o chassi para uso nas carroçarias acabados. Hoje, a maioria dos carros funerários são feitos de sedãs convertidos em rodas esticadas. A divisão de frota de Ford Motor Company vende um Lincoln Town Car com um especial "pacote de carro funerário" estritamente aos coachbuilders. Enviados sem banco traseiro, janela traseira, guarnição interior traseira ou decklid, o pacote de carro funerário também apresenta uma resistente suspensão, freios, sistema de carregamento e pneus e ofereceu-me uma vez em uma expedição de Ford modificados Chassi SUV com o Triton V10Motor de caminhão V10.

Hearses and other funeral service vehicles in the U.S. are often equipped with purple light bars and other flashing lights similar to those found in emergency vehicles in order to increase the visibility of the vehicle while in processions. ^{[carece de fontes]}[[Categoria:!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé desde ]]

In Europe, most hearses are based on commercial vans. In the past, all medium-sized vans could be converted into hearses. Today, Mercedes-Benz vans are common in modern fleets. It is common to keep old fleets since they have little wear.

Since the working life of a hearse is generally one of light duty and short, sedate drives, hearses remain serviceable for a long time; hearses 30 years old or more may still be in service, although some funeral homes replace them at least once a decade. Desde de 2004, a new hearse in the USA usually costs in the range of $60,000 to $85,000.

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Horse-drawn hearse, Manchester, UK, 2007.

Two styles of hearse bodywork are common. The older style is the limousine style; these have narrow pillars and lots of glass. These are more popular in the United Kingdom, among others. More popular in the United States is the landau style, with a heavily-padded leather or (later) vinyl roof, and long blind rear quarters, similarly covered, and decorated with large metal S-shaped bars designed to resemble those used to lower the tops on some horse-drawn coaches. It is common practice in the USA for the windows to be curtained, while in the UK the windows are normally left unobscured. Hearses resemble station wagons strictly because of the shape of the rear ends of conventional ones.

Until the late 1970s, it was common for hearses in the USA to be combination coaches which also could serve in the ambulance role; these were common in rural areas. Car-based ambulances and combination coaches were unable to meet stricter Federal specifications for such vehicles and were discontinued after 1979.

Due to the costs of owning an expensive custom vehicle that sits idle "80 to 90 percent of the week", individual funeral homes reduce costs by renting or utilizing a shared motor pool.

Japan

{{#invoke:Imagem múltipla|render}} In Japan, hearses, called "reikyusha" (霊柩車), can come in two styles: "Foreign" style, which is similar in build and style to an American hearse, or a "Japanese" style, in which the rear area of the vehicle is modified to resemble a small, ornate Buddhist temple. This generally requires the rear of the vehicle to be extensively altered; commonly, the rear roof is cut away from the front windows back and all interior parts are removed from the rear as well. The ornate Buddhist-style rear area, generally constructed of wood and in which the casket or urn is placed, is built on top of this empty cavity and most often is wider than the base of the vehicle, so that it sticks out on the sides, over the rear body panels. Popular bases for these are not limited to large sedans, but also minivans and even pickup trucks by companies like Nissan and Toyota.

There are regional differences of ornaments. Nagoya style decorates not only the upper half of the body, but the lower half as well. Kansai style has a relatively modest decorations unpainted. Kanazawa style is known for having a red body (other styles mostly have black bodies) with gilded ornaments. Tokyo style, found anywhere else in Japan, features painted/gilded ornaments on the upper half of the body.

"Foreign" style hearses are mostly similar in appearance to their US counterparts, although their exterior dimensions and interiors reflect the Japanese preference for smaller, less ornate caskets (this in light of the national preference for cremation). This means that, in contrast to American hearses, the rear quarter panels require less, and sometimes no, alteration. These are generally built from station wagons such as the Nissan Stagea, or from executive sedans such as the Toyota Celsior (Lexus LS in the US) and Nissan Cima (Infiniti Q45 in the US). Interestingly, American market vehicles such as the Lincoln Town Car and Cadillac DeVille, which are otherwise fairly uncommon in Japan, are often converted to hearses in both styles.

Hong Kong

In Hong Kong, light goods vehicles of Isuzu, Volkswagen and Ford are used as hearses by most of the privately operated funeral homes.

Others

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A Motorcycle-style hearse.

The motorcycle hearse has become popular and is often used during the funeral of motorcycle enthusiasts. This type of hearse is either a motorcycle with a special sidecar built to carry a casket or an urn at the side of the rider, or it is a trike that carries the casket behind the rider.

In recent decades, high capacity funeral homes have implemented designated "first-call" vehicles, used exclusively to transport the deceased to the funeral home. These vehicles are often converted full-size station wagons that may or may not feature a traditional landau roof and bars, although in recent years, following the end of the full-size station wagon era, the preference has shifted towards minivans with slide-over landau bar panels for the third row windows. Many first-call vehicles have the appearance of a hearse, but will not accommodate a full-sized casket in length or height. The blue Mercury in the gallery is a retired first-call vehicle (?).

Perhaps owing to the morbid nature of the hearse, its luxurious accommodations for the driver, or both, the hearse has a number of enthusiasts who own and drive retired hearses. There are several hearse clubs.

Amongst enthusiasts, the 1959 Cadillac Miller-Meteor hearse is considered one of the most desirable due to its especially ornate styling and appearances in feature films, notably an ambulance version (Ecto-1) in the motion picture Ghostbusters.

In the 1971 film Harold and Maude the character Harold, played by Bud Cort, drives two hearses: originally a 1959 Cadillac Superior 3-way; and then later a custom hearse he makes from a 1971 Jaguar XK-E 4.2 Series II. The Cadillac hearse is now privately owned in central California and is preserved, looking essentially identical to the way it did in the film. Only one Jaguar "hearse" was built and was destroyed as part of the film's storyline. Several Harold and Maude fans have since built similar hearses from E-Types and photos of them can be found online. Jane Goldman, wife of British TV and radio personality Jonathan Ross, owns a similar style "hearse" built from a Jaguar XK8 convertible.

The Rogues prowl around in a graffitied 1955 Cadillac Hearse in the cult classic film, The Warriors.

Celebrity hearse enthusiasts include rock singer Neil Young and three-time NASCAR Sprint Cup Champion Tony Stewart, who had his hearse customised for a television show. Sam the Sham of the Pharaohs (known for Wooly Bully and Lil' Red Riding Hood) was known for transporting all his equipment in a 1952 Packard hearse.

In the popular Canadian television program Degrassi, character Eli Goldsworthy, a 'death obsessed' 16-year-old, drives a 1960's era vintage hearse, affectionately nicknamed Morty. Cleve Hall, of the Syfy television show Monster Man, drives a 1980 Superior, with added coach lights on each side, in the 1st season of the show. He now drives a 1963 Miller Meteor named "Lucy".

Images

• A horse-drawn hearse with driver, circa 1900. Courtesy Neil Regan Funeral Home[14]

  A horse-drawn hearse with driver, circa 1900. Courtesy Neil Regan Funeral Home

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  Funeral carriage, Museum of Funeral Customs

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  1959 Cadillac hearse, Ypsilanti, Michigan

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  An antique limousine style hearse from Volvo

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  Horse-drawn hearse pulled by two Lipizzaner stallions

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  Mercedes hearse on the island of Madeira

• Erro ao criar miniatura:

  Kew cemetery's horse-drawn hearse at the Kew Festival, 2009

• Erro ao criar miniatura:

  Ford Transit

• Erro ao criar miniatura:

  Mercedes-Benz W210

• Erro ao criar miniatura:

  Buick

• Erro ao criar miniatura:

  Buddhist-Styled Hearse

• Erro ao criar miniatura:

  Modern Australian 'dual-cab' Holden Commodore hearse

Outros usos do termo

In the traditional Holy Week services of the Roman Catholic Church and some Anglican churches, a candelabrum with 15 candles on it is used for the service of Tenebrae. This candlestick is referred to as a "hearse".

Ver Também

• Bier
• Car body style
• Combination car
• First Call vehicle
• Flower car
• Funeral train
• The Hearse - A 1980 horror film