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	<id>https://wiki.nivel-teorico.com/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Stephanie_Kwolek</id>
	<title>Stephanie Kwolek - Histórico de revisões</title>
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	<updated>2026-06-03T13:49:41Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Histórico de edições para esta página nesta wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.nivel-teorico.com/index.php?title=Stephanie_Kwolek&amp;diff=9085&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Calimero0000 em 16h58min de 31 de março de 2014</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.nivel-teorico.com/index.php?title=Stephanie_Kwolek&amp;diff=9085&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-03-31T16:58:20Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Revisão anterior&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revisão das 16h58min de 31 de março de 2014&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l3&quot;&gt;Linha 3:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Linha 3:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Info/Cientista&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{Info/Cientista&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|nome                =Stephanie Kwolek&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|nome                =Stephanie Kwolek&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|imagem              =&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|imagem              =&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Stephanie Kwolek 1986.TIF&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|tamanho             =200px&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|tamanho             =200px&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|legenda             =&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;|legenda             =&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Calimero0000</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.nivel-teorico.com/index.php?title=Stephanie_Kwolek&amp;diff=9084&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Calimero0000: Criou nova página com &#039;{{em tradução|:de:Stephanie Kwolek}}  {{Info/Cientista |nome                =Stephanie Kwolek |imagem              = |tamanho             =200px |legenda             = ...&#039;</title>
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		<updated>2014-03-31T16:56:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Criou nova página com &amp;#039;{{em tradução|:de:Stephanie Kwolek}}  {{Info/Cientista |nome                =Stephanie Kwolek |imagem              = |tamanho             =200px |legenda             = ...&amp;#039;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Página nova&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;{{em tradução|:de:Stephanie Kwolek}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Info/Cientista&lt;br /&gt;
|nome                =Stephanie Kwolek&lt;br /&gt;
|imagem              =&lt;br /&gt;
|tamanho             =200px&lt;br /&gt;
|legenda             =&lt;br /&gt;
|nome_nativo         =&lt;br /&gt;
|data_nascimento     ={{dni|lang=br|31|7|1923}}&lt;br /&gt;
|local_nascimento    =[[New Kensington]]&lt;br /&gt;
|data_morte          =&lt;br /&gt;
|local_morte         =&lt;br /&gt;
|causa_morte         =&lt;br /&gt;
|pais_de_residencia  =&lt;br /&gt;
|nacionalidade       ={{USAb}} [[Estados Unidos|Estadunidense]]&lt;br /&gt;
|etnicidade          =&lt;br /&gt;
|campo               =[[Química]]&lt;br /&gt;
|instituicao_trabalho={{nowrap|[[DuPont]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|alma_mater          ={{nowrap|[[Universidade Carnegie Mellon]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|tese                =&lt;br /&gt;
|orientador          =&lt;br /&gt;
|orientado           =&lt;br /&gt;
|conhecido_por       =Invenção do [[Kevlar]]&lt;br /&gt;
|influenciado        =&lt;br /&gt;
|premio              ={{nowrap|[[Medalha Howard N. Potts|Medalha Howard N. Potts (1976)]]}}, {{nowrap|[[National Inventors Hall of Fame|National Inventors Hall of Fame (1995)]]}}, {{nowrap|[[Medalha Nacional de Tecnologia e Inovação|Medalha Nacional de Tecnologia e Inovação (1996)]]}}, {{nowrap|[[Medalha Perkin|Medalha Perkin (1997)]]}}, {{nowrap|[[Prêmio Lemelson–MIT|Prêmio Lemelson–MIT (1999)]]}}&lt;br /&gt;
|conjuge             =&lt;br /&gt;
|religiao            =&lt;br /&gt;
|assinatura          =&lt;br /&gt;
|notas               =&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Stephanie Louise Kwolek&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; ([[New Kensington]], [[31 de Julho]] de [[1923]]) é uma química [[Polónia|polaco]]-[[Estados Unidos|estadunidense]], inventora do [[p-fenilenodiamina]] com [[cloreto de tereftaloila]], mais conhecida como [[Kevlar]], uma fibra de alta resistência mecânica, de cor dourada, que pode atingir mais de cinco vezes a resistência do aço. Atualmente o [[Kevlar]] é empregado na fabricação de coletes balísticos e equipamento de segurança. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Kwolek nasceu no subúrbio de [[Pittsburgh]] em [[New Kensington]], [[Pensilvânia]] em 1923.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;nnbd&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web|title=Stephanie Kwolek|url=http://www.nndb.com/people/847/000165352/ |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nndb.com%2Fpeople%2F847%2F000165352%2F&amp;amp;date=2009-05-24 |publisher=Soylent Communications |archivedate= May 24, 2009|accessdate=May 24, 2009}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Seu pai, John Kwolek morreu quando ela tinha dez anos de idade. Kwolek atribui seu interesse pela ciência a seu pai e pela moda a sua mãe, Nellie Zajdel Kwolek.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;nnbd&amp;quot; /&amp;gt; Em 1946 obteve o grau de Química no [[Margaret Morrison Carnegie College]] da [[Universidade Carnegie Mellon]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;MIT&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cite web |title=Inventing Modern America: Insight&amp;amp;nbsp;— Stephanie Kwolek: |url=http://web.mit.edu/invent/www/ima/kwolek_bio.html |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.mit.edu%2Finvent%2Fwww%2Fima%2Fkwolek_bio.html&amp;amp;date=2009-05-24 | publisher=Lemelson-[[Massachusetts Institute of Technology|MIT]] program |archivedate=May 24, 2009 |accessdate=May 24, 2009}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Kwolek tinha o plano de se converter em médica e achou que poderia consegui-lo depois de obter o dinheiro suficiente a partir de um trabalho temporário no campo da química para poder se matricular na escola de medicina.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;MIT&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ganhou inúmeros prémios por seu trabalho em química de [[polímeros]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
Nachdem sie 1946 ihren Chemieabschluss am Margaret Morrison Carnegie College erlangt hatte, wollte sie eigentlich [[Medizin]] studieren. Um dies zu finanzieren, nahm sie eine Stelle bei [[DuPont]] an. Sie sollte dort nach [[synthetisch]]en [[Faser]]n für die Reifenindustrie suchen. Dort entwickelte sie 1964 die [[Kunstfaser]] [[Kevlar]]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Beim Experimentieren mit [[Aromaten|aromatisch]]en [[Polyamide]]n entdeckte sie 1965 [[Flüssigkristall]]e.&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Referências}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Ligações externas==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.chemgapedia.de/vsengine/popup/vsc/de/biography/k/kw/kwolek_00045stephanie_000451923_0004507_0004531.bio.html Biographie]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.women-inventors.com/Stephanie-Kwolek.asp Stephanie Kwolek bei Famous Women Inventors]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.chemheritage.org/classroom/chemach/images/lgfotos/09plastics/kwolek4.jpg Foto von Stephanie Kwolek]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.chemheritage.org/EducationalServices/FACES/poly/readings/slk2.htm Meet Stephanie Kwolek]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Medalha Nacional de Tecnologia e Inovação}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Medalha Perkin}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Prêmio Lemelson–MIT}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Esboço-químico}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kwolek, Stephanie}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Categoria:National Inventors Hall of Fame]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Categoria:Medalha Nacional de Tecnologia e Inovação]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Categoria:Medalha Perkin]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Categoria:Prêmio Lemelson–MIT]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Categoria:Inventores dos Estados Unidos]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Categoria:Cientistas dos Estados Unidos]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Categoria:Ex-alunos da Universidade Carnegie Mellon]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Calimero0000</name></author>
	</entry>
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